systab/systab
Matthias Johnson 0943a639cc
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Add -l tests, update editmode tape, fix service schedule pattern
5 new tests for -l: service job presence, timer job presence, pipe
alignment, and mutual exclusivity checks. Fix | service | pattern in
edit mode test to handle alignment padding. Add -l demo step to
editmode.tape before opening the editor.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-02-28 01:45:44 -07:00

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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# systab - A cron/at/batch-like interface for systemd
# Copyright (C) 2026 opennomad
# SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later
set -euo pipefail
# Managed jobs are marked with: # SYSTAB_MANAGED
readonly SCRIPT_NAME="systab"
readonly SYSTEMD_USER_DIR="${HOME}/.config/systemd/user"
readonly MARKER="# SYSTAB_MANAGED"
# Global variables for options
opt_time=""
opt_command=""
opt_file=""
opt_notify=false
opt_email=""
opt_edit=false
opt_list=false
opt_print_crontab=false
opt_clean=false
opt_status=false
opt_disable=""
opt_enable=""
opt_filter=""
opt_output=""
opt_name=""
opt_jobid=""
opt_service=false
usage() {
cat <<EOF
Usage: $SCRIPT_NAME [OPTIONS]
Create and manage systemd timer jobs with cron/at-like simplicity.
Job Creation Options:
-t <time> Time specification (see TIME FORMATS below)
-s Create a persistent service (no timer; mutually exclusive with -t/-i/-m/-o)
-c <command> Command string to execute
-f <script> Script file to execute
-n <name> Give the job a human-readable name (usable in place of hex ID)
-i Send desktop notification on completion (success/failure)
-m <email> Send email notification to address (via sendmail)
-o [lines] Include job output in notifications (default: 10 lines)
Management Options (accept hex ID or name):
-D <id|name> Disable a job
-E <id|name> Enable a disabled job
-e Edit jobs in crontab-like format
-l Print jobs in crontab-like format to stdout
-L [id|name] [filter] List job logs (optionally for a specific job and/or filtered)
-S [id|name] Show status of all managed jobs (or a specific job)
-C Clean up completed one-time jobs
TIME FORMATS:
Natural: "every 5 minutes", "every day at 2am", "every monday at 9am"
Relative: "in 5 minutes", "in 2 hours", "tomorrow"
Absolute: "2025-01-21 14:30", "next tuesday at 9am"
Systemd: "daily", "weekly", "hourly", "*:0/15" (every 15 min)
EXAMPLES:
# Run command every 5 minutes with a name
$SCRIPT_NAME -t "every 5 minutes" -n healthcheck -c "echo Hello"
# Run script every day at 2am with desktop notification
$SCRIPT_NAME -t "every day at 2am" -n backup -f ~/backup.sh -i
# Run command with email notification
$SCRIPT_NAME -t "in 5 minutes" -c "echo Hello" -m user@example.com
# Run command in 5 minutes (one-time)
$SCRIPT_NAME -t "in 5 minutes" -c "echo Hello"
# Read command from stdin
echo "ls -la" | $SCRIPT_NAME -t "next monday at 9am"
# Create a persistent service job
$SCRIPT_NAME -s -n foobar -c "/usr/bin/foobar.sh"
# Print jobs in crontab-like format (useful for scripting)
$SCRIPT_NAME -l
# Edit existing jobs (supports adding notifications via ID:flags syntax)
$SCRIPT_NAME -e
# Disable and enable a job (by hex ID or name)
$SCRIPT_NAME -D <id>
$SCRIPT_NAME -E backup
# View logs for backup jobs
$SCRIPT_NAME -L backup
# Show status of all jobs
$SCRIPT_NAME -S
# Clean up completed jobs
$SCRIPT_NAME -C
EOF
exit "${1:-0}"
}
error() {
echo "Error: $*" >&2
exit 1
}
warn() {
echo "Warning: $*" >&2
}
# Extract the command string from a service file's ExecStart line
getJobCommand() {
sed -n "s/^ExecStart=.*-c '\\(.*\\)'$/\\1/p" "$1"
}
# Trim leading and trailing whitespace, result in _trimmed
trim() {
_trimmed="$1"
_trimmed="${_trimmed#"${_trimmed%%[![:space:]]*}"}"
_trimmed="${_trimmed%"${_trimmed##*[![:space:]]}"}"
}
# Parse time specification into systemd OnCalendar format
parseTime() {
local time_spec="$1"
# Common systemd calendar formats (pass through)
case "${time_spec,,}" in
hourly|daily|weekly|monthly|yearly) echo "$time_spec"; return ;;
*:*|*-*-*) echo "$time_spec"; return ;; # Assume systemd time format
esac
# Natural language recurring patterns
local lower="${time_spec,,}"
if [[ "$lower" =~ ^every[[:space:]]+(.+) ]]; then
local rest="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
case "$rest" in
# "every N minutes/hours/seconds"
[0-9]*' minute'*) echo "*:0/${rest%% *}"; return ;;
[0-9]*' hour'*) echo "0/${rest%% *}:00"; return ;;
[0-9]*' second'*) echo "*:*:0/${rest%% *}"; return ;;
# "every minute/hour"
'minute'*) echo "*:*"; return ;;
'hour'*) echo "hourly"; return ;;
# "every day at <time>"
'day at '*)
local at_time="${rest#day at }"
local parsed
if parsed=$(date -d "$at_time" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null); then
echo "*-*-* $parsed"; return
fi ;;
# "every <weekday> [at <time>]"
mon|monday|tue|tuesday|wed|wednesday|thu|thursday|fri|friday|sat|saturday|sun|sunday)
local day="${rest:0:3}"; day="${day^}"
echo "$day *-*-*"; return ;;
mon' at '*|monday' at '*|tue' at '*|tuesday' at '*|wed' at '*|wednesday' at '*|thu' at '*|thursday' at '*|fri' at '*|friday' at '*|sat' at '*|saturday' at '*|sun' at '*|sunday' at '*)
local day_part="${rest%% at *}" at_time="${rest#* at }"
local day="${day_part:0:3}"; day="${day^}"
local parsed
if parsed=$(date -d "$at_time" '+%H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null); then
echo "$day *-*-* $parsed"; return
fi ;;
# "every day/week/month/year"
'day'*) echo "daily"; return ;;
'week'*) echo "weekly"; return ;;
'month'*) echo "monthly"; return ;;
'year'*) echo "yearly"; return ;;
esac
fi
# Try to parse with date command (one-time specs)
# Strip "in " prefix for natural phrasing ("in 5 minutes" → "5 minutes")
# Strip " at " before times ("next tuesday at noon" → "next tuesday noon")
local date_spec="$time_spec"
[[ "${date_spec,,}" == in\ * ]] && date_spec="${date_spec:3}"
date_spec="${date_spec// at / }"
local parsed_date
if parsed_date=$(date -d "$date_spec" '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' 2>/dev/null); then
echo "$parsed_date"
return
fi
error "Unable to parse time specification: $time_spec"
}
# Check if time spec is recurring
# One-time specs are absolute timestamps (from date -d): "2026-02-14 09:33:10"
# Everything else (calendar specs with wildcards, keywords, intervals) is recurring
isRecurring() {
local time_spec="$1"
case "${time_spec,,}" in
hourly|daily|weekly|monthly|yearly) return 0 ;;
*'*'*|*/*) return 0 ;; # Contains wildcard or interval
*) return 1 ;;
esac
}
# Generate a random 6-char hex ID
generateId() {
od -An -tx1 -N3 /dev/urandom | tr -d ' \n'
}
# Extract short ID from job name (systab_<id> → <id>)
jobId() {
echo "${1#"${SCRIPT_NAME}"_}"
}
# Check if a job's timer (or service) is enabled
isJobEnabled() {
if isJobService "$1"; then
systemctl --user is-enabled "${1}.service" &>/dev/null
else
systemctl --user is-enabled "${1}.timer" &>/dev/null
fi
}
# Disable a job (stop + disable timer or service)
disableJob() {
if isJobService "$1"; then
systemctl --user stop "${1}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
systemctl --user disable "${1}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
else
systemctl --user stop "${1}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
systemctl --user disable "${1}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
fi
}
# Enable a job (enable + start timer or service)
enableJob() {
if isJobService "$1"; then
systemctl --user enable "${1}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
systemctl --user start "${1}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
else
systemctl --user enable "${1}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
systemctl --user start "${1}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
fi
}
# Resolve a job identifier (hex ID or name) to a 6-char hex ID
# Sets _resolved_id; errors if not found
resolveJobId() {
local input="$1"
# Try as hex ID first
if [[ "$input" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{6}$ ]]; then
local timer_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${SCRIPT_NAME}_${input}.timer"
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${SCRIPT_NAME}_${input}.service"
if [[ -f "$timer_file" ]] || { [[ -f "$service_file" ]] && grep -q "^# SYSTAB_TYPE=service$" "$service_file" 2>/dev/null; }; then
_resolved_id="$input"
return
fi
fi
# Try as name: grep service files for SYSTAB_NAME=<input>
local file
for file in "${SYSTEMD_USER_DIR}/${SCRIPT_NAME}"_*.service; do
[[ -f "$file" ]] || continue
if grep -q "^# SYSTAB_NAME=${input}$" "$file" 2>/dev/null; then
local base
base=$(basename "$file" .service)
_resolved_id=$(jobId "$base")
return
fi
done
error "No job found with ID or name: $input"
}
# Get the human-readable name from a service file (empty string if none)
getJobName() {
local service_file="$1"
sed -n 's/^# SYSTAB_NAME=//p' "$service_file" 2>/dev/null || true
}
# Check if a job is a service-only job (not timer-backed)
isJobService() {
grep -q "^# SYSTAB_TYPE=service$" "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${1}.service" 2>/dev/null
}
# Get managed service-only units (no timer)
getManagedServiceJobs() {
[[ -d "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR" ]] || return
local file
for file in "${SYSTEMD_USER_DIR}/${SCRIPT_NAME}"_*.service; do
[[ -f "$file" ]] || continue
grep -q "^$MARKER" "$file" 2>/dev/null || continue
grep -q "^# SYSTAB_TYPE=service$" "$file" 2>/dev/null && basename "$file" .service
done
}
# Format a job identifier for display: "id (name)" or just "id"
formatJobId() {
local id="$1" name="$2"
if [[ -n "$name" ]]; then
echo "$id ($name)"
else
echo "$id"
fi
}
# Validate a short ID refers to a managed job, sets _job_name
validateJobId() {
resolveJobId "$1"
local id="$_resolved_id"
_job_name="${SCRIPT_NAME}_${id}"
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${_job_name}.service"
[[ -f "$service_file" ]] || error "No job found with ID: $id"
grep -q "^$MARKER" "$service_file" 2>/dev/null || error "Not a managed job: $id"
}
# Toggle a job's enabled state by short ID or name
# Usage: toggleJobById <id|name> <disable|enable>
toggleJobById() {
local input="$1" action="$2"
validateJobId "$input"
local id="$_resolved_id"
local name
name=$(getJobName "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${_job_name}.service")
local label
label=$(formatJobId "$id" "$name")
if [[ "$action" == "disable" ]]; then
if ! isJobEnabled "$_job_name"; then
echo "Already disabled: $label"; return
fi
disableJob "$_job_name"
echo "Disabled: $label"
else
if isJobEnabled "$_job_name"; then
echo "Already enabled: $label"; return
fi
enableJob "$_job_name"
echo "Enabled: $label"
fi
}
# Get all managed unit files of a given type (service or timer)
getManagedUnits() {
local ext="$1"
[[ -d "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR" ]] || return
local file
for file in "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR"/*."$ext"; do
[[ -f "$file" ]] || continue
grep -q "^$MARKER" "$file" 2>/dev/null && basename "$file" ".$ext"
done
}
# Build flags string from opt_service, opt_notify, opt_email, and opt_name
buildFlagsString() {
local flags=""
if $opt_service; then
flags="s"
fi
if $opt_notify; then
[[ -n "$flags" ]] && flags+=","
flags+="i"
fi
if [[ -n "$opt_output" ]]; then
[[ -n "$flags" ]] && flags+=","
if [[ "$opt_output" == "10" ]]; then flags+="o"; else flags+="o=$opt_output"; fi
fi
if [[ -n "$opt_email" ]]; then
[[ -n "$flags" ]] && flags+=","
flags+="e=$opt_email"
fi
if [[ -n "$opt_name" ]]; then
[[ -n "$flags" ]] && flags+=","
flags+="n=$opt_name"
fi
echo "$flags"
}
# Parse flags string into _notify_flag (bool), _email_addr (string), _name (string)
parseFlags() {
local flags="$1"
_notify_flag=false
_email_addr=""
_output_lines=""
_name=""
_service_flag=false
IFS=',' read -ra parts <<< "$flags"
for part in "${parts[@]}"; do
case "$part" in
s) _service_flag=true ;;
i) _notify_flag=true ;;
o) _output_lines=10 ;;
o=*) _output_lines="${part#o=}" ;;
e=*) _email_addr="${part#e=}" ;;
n=*) _name="${part#n=}" ;;
esac
done
}
# Write ExecStopPost notification lines to a service file
# Usage: writeNotifyLines <short_id> <notify_flag> <email_addr> <file> [output_lines] [job_name]
writeNotifyLines() {
local short_id="$1" notify="$2" email="$3" file="$4"
local output_lines="${5-}" job_name="${6-}"
local out_cmd=""
if [[ -n "$output_lines" && -n "$job_name" ]]; then
out_cmd="out=\$(journalctl --user SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=$job_name -n $output_lines --no-pager -o cat); "
fi
# Look up the job name from the service file at notification runtime so the label
# reflects the current name even if it was added or changed after job creation.
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
local label_pre="svc=\"$file\"; name=\$(grep \"^# SYSTAB_NAME=\" \"\$svc\" 2>/dev/null | cut -d= -f2-); [ -n \"\$name\" ] && label=\"$short_id (\$name)\" || label=\"$short_id\"; "
# Common status preamble shared by all notification lines (intentionally unexpanded)
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
local icon_pre='if [ "$SERVICE_RESULT" = success ]; then icon=dialog-information; s=completed; else icon=dialog-error; s="failed ($EXIT_STATUS)"; fi; '
# shellcheck disable=SC2016
local status_pre='if [ "$SERVICE_RESULT" = success ]; then s=completed; else s="failed ($EXIT_STATUS)"; fi; '
if [[ "$notify" == true ]]; then
local notify_cmd
if [[ -n "$out_cmd" ]]; then
notify_cmd="${label_pre}${out_cmd}body=\$(printf \"Job \$label: %%s\n%%s\" \"\$s\" \"\$out\"); notify-send -i \"\$icon\" \"systab\" \"\$body\" || true"
else
notify_cmd="${label_pre}notify-send -i \"\$icon\" \"systab\" \"Job \$label: \$s\" || true"
fi
echo "ExecStopPost=/bin/sh -c '${icon_pre}${notify_cmd}'" >> "$file"
fi
if [[ -n "$email" ]]; then
local mailer
mailer=$(command -v sendmail || command -v msmtp || true)
[[ -n "$mailer" ]] || { warn "No sendmail or msmtp found, skipping email notification"; return; }
local mail_cmd
if [[ -n "$out_cmd" ]]; then
mail_cmd="${label_pre}${out_cmd}printf \"Subject: systab: \$label %%s\\\\n\\\\n%%s at %%s\\\\n\\\\n%%s\\\\n\" \"\$s\" \"\$s\" \"\$(date)\" \"\$out\" | $mailer $email"
else
mail_cmd="${label_pre}printf \"Subject: systab: \$label %%s\\\\n\\\\n%%s at %%s\\\\n\" \"\$s\" \"\$s\" \"\$(date)\" | $mailer $email"
fi
echo "ExecStopPost=/bin/sh -c '${status_pre}${mail_cmd}'" >> "$file"
fi
}
# Write service + timer unit files (or service-only), enable and start
# Usage: _writeUnitFiles <command> <schedule> [flags] [job_type]
# job_type: "timer" (default) or "service"
# Sets _created_id to the short ID of the new job
_writeUnitFiles() {
local command_to_run="$1" schedule="$2" flags="${3-}" job_type="${4-timer}"
local job_name short_id
job_name="${SCRIPT_NAME}_$(generateId)"
short_id=$(jobId "$job_name")
mkdir -p "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR"
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job_name}.service"
if [[ "$job_type" == "service" ]]; then
# Service-only unit (persistent, no timer)
cat > "$service_file" <<EOF
$MARKER
# SYSTAB_TYPE=service
[Unit]
Description=$SCRIPT_NAME service: $job_name
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=${SHELL:-/bin/bash} -c '$command_to_run'
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
SyslogIdentifier=$job_name
Restart=on-failure
EOF
if [[ -n "$flags" ]]; then
echo "# SYSTAB_FLAGS=$flags" >> "$service_file"
parseFlags "$flags"
[[ -n "$_name" ]] && echo "# SYSTAB_NAME=$_name" >> "$service_file"
fi
cat >> "$service_file" <<EOF
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF
systemctl --user daemon-reload
systemctl --user enable "${job_name}.service"
systemctl --user start "${job_name}.service"
else
# Timer-backed unit
cat > "$service_file" <<EOF
$MARKER
[Unit]
Description=$SCRIPT_NAME job: $job_name
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=${SHELL:-/bin/bash} -c '$command_to_run'
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=journal
SyslogIdentifier=$job_name
EOF
if [[ -n "$flags" ]]; then
echo "# SYSTAB_FLAGS=$flags" >> "$service_file"
parseFlags "$flags"
[[ -n "$_name" ]] && echo "# SYSTAB_NAME=$_name" >> "$service_file"
writeNotifyLines "$short_id" "$_notify_flag" "$_email_addr" "$service_file" "$_output_lines" "$job_name"
fi
# Timer file
local timer_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job_name}.timer"
cat > "$timer_file" <<EOF
$MARKER
[Unit]
Description=Timer for $SCRIPT_NAME job: $job_name
[Timer]
OnCalendar=$schedule
EOF
if ! isRecurring "$schedule"; then
cat >> "$timer_file" <<'ONETIME'
Persistent=false
RemainAfterElapse=no
ONETIME
fi
cat >> "$timer_file" <<EOF
[Install]
WantedBy=timers.target
EOF
systemctl --user enable "$job_name.timer"
systemctl --user start "$job_name.timer"
fi
_created_id="$short_id"
}
# Check that a job name is unique across all managed jobs
checkNameUnique() {
local name="$1"
[[ -d "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR" ]] || return
local file
for file in "${SYSTEMD_USER_DIR}/${SCRIPT_NAME}"_*.service; do
[[ -f "$file" ]] || continue
if grep -q "^# SYSTAB_NAME=${name}$" "$file" 2>/dev/null; then
error "Job name '$name' is already in use"
fi
done
}
# Create a job from CLI options
createJob() {
local command_to_run
if [[ -n "$opt_command" ]]; then
command_to_run="$opt_command"
elif [[ -n "$opt_file" ]]; then
[[ -f "$opt_file" ]] || error "File not found: $opt_file"
[[ -x "$opt_file" ]] || error "File not executable: $opt_file"
command_to_run="$opt_file"
else
if [[ -t 0 ]]; then
echo "Please enter a command, then press Ctrl+D when done:" >&2
fi
command_to_run=$(cat)
[[ -n "$command_to_run" ]] || error "No command provided"
fi
# Validate name uniqueness
if [[ -n "$opt_name" ]]; then
checkNameUnique "$opt_name"
fi
local label job_name
if $opt_service; then
_writeUnitFiles "$command_to_run" "service" "$(buildFlagsString)" service
job_name="${SCRIPT_NAME}_${_created_id}"
label=$(formatJobId "$_created_id" "$opt_name")
echo "Service created: $label"
if systemctl --user is-active "${job_name}.service" &>/dev/null; then
echo "Status: Active (running)"
else
echo "Status: Inactive (check: systemctl --user status ${job_name}.service)"
fi
else
local time_spec
time_spec=$(parseTime "$opt_time")
_writeUnitFiles "$command_to_run" "$time_spec" "$(buildFlagsString)"
systemctl --user daemon-reload
job_name="${SCRIPT_NAME}_${_created_id}"
label=$(formatJobId "$_created_id" "$opt_name")
echo "Job created: $label"
echo "Next run: $(systemctl --user show "$job_name.timer" -p NextElapseUSecRealtime --value 2>/dev/null)"
fi
}
# Remove a managed job (stop, disable, delete unit files)
removeJob() {
local job_name="$1"
if isJobService "$job_name"; then
systemctl --user stop "${job_name}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
systemctl --user disable "${job_name}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
rm -f "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job_name}.service"
else
systemctl --user stop "${job_name}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
systemctl --user disable "${job_name}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
rm -f "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job_name}.service" "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job_name}.timer"
fi
}
# Create a job from edit mode (schedule + command + flags, prints short ID)
createJobFromEdit() {
local sched="$1" cmd="$2" flags="${3-}"
if [[ "$sched" == "service" ]]; then
_writeUnitFiles "$cmd" "service" "$flags" service
else
local schedule
schedule=$(parseTime "$sched")
_writeUnitFiles "$cmd" "$schedule" "$flags"
fi
echo "$_created_id"
}
# Print aligned job lines to stdout (no header/footer)
printCrontabContent() {
local -a id_fields schedules commands disabled
local job
while IFS= read -r job; do
[[ -z "$job" ]] && continue
local timer_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.timer"
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.service"
if [[ -f "$timer_file" && -f "$service_file" ]]; then
local id schedule command flags id_field
id=$(jobId "$job")
schedule=$(grep "^OnCalendar=" "$timer_file" | cut -d= -f2-)
command=$(getJobCommand "$service_file")
flags=$(grep "^# SYSTAB_FLAGS=" "$service_file" 2>/dev/null | sed 's/^# SYSTAB_FLAGS=//' || true)
[[ -n "$flags" ]] && id_field="$id:$flags" || id_field="$id"
id_fields+=("$id_field")
schedules+=("$schedule")
commands+=("$command")
if isJobEnabled "$job"; then disabled+=(false); else disabled+=(true); fi
fi
done < <(getManagedUnits timer)
while IFS= read -r job; do
[[ -z "$job" ]] && continue
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.service"
if [[ -f "$service_file" ]]; then
local id command flags id_field
id=$(jobId "$job")
command=$(getJobCommand "$service_file")
flags=$(grep "^# SYSTAB_FLAGS=" "$service_file" 2>/dev/null | sed 's/^# SYSTAB_FLAGS=//' || true)
[[ -n "$flags" ]] && id_field="$id:$flags" || id_field="$id:s"
id_fields+=("$id_field")
schedules+=("service")
commands+=("$command")
if isJobEnabled "$job"; then disabled+=(false); else disabled+=(true); fi
fi
done < <(getManagedServiceJobs)
# Compute column widths; disabled lines account for the "# " prefix
local max_id=0 max_sched=0 i len
for i in "${!id_fields[@]}"; do
len=${#id_fields[$i]}
${disabled[$i]} && len=$((len + 2))
[[ $len -gt $max_id ]] && max_id=$len
len=${#schedules[$i]}
[[ $len -gt $max_sched ]] && max_sched=$len
done
# Print aligned lines
for i in "${!id_fields[@]}"; do
if ${disabled[$i]}; then
printf '# %-*s | %-*s | %s\n' $((max_id - 2)) "${id_fields[$i]}" "$max_sched" "${schedules[$i]}" "${commands[$i]}"
else
printf '%-*s | %-*s | %s\n' "$max_id" "${id_fields[$i]}" "$max_sched" "${schedules[$i]}" "${commands[$i]}"
fi
done
}
# List jobs in crontab-like format to stdout
listCrontab() {
printCrontabContent
}
# Edit jobs in crontab-like format
editJobs() {
local temp_file orig_file
temp_file="${TMPDIR:-/dev/shm}/systab_edit_$$"
orig_file="${TMPDIR:-/dev/shm}/systab_orig_$$"
# shellcheck disable=SC2064
trap "rm -f '$temp_file' '$orig_file'" EXIT
# Build crontab content: jobs first, condensed hint at bottom
{
printCrontabContent
cat <<'HINT'
### ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #
### format: ID[:FLAGS] | SCHEDULE | COMMAND #
### add: new | daily | cmd #
### flags: n=name / i / e=addr / o[=N] / s #
### comment out = disable / delete = remove #
HINT
} > "$temp_file"
# Save original for diffing
cp "$temp_file" "$orig_file"
# Validate all time specs in a crontab file, returns 0 if valid
# Prints error messages for each bad schedule
validateCrontabSchedules() {
local file="$1" errors=0 line
while IFS= read -r line; do
[[ -z "$line" ]] && continue
local is_comment=false
# Strip comment prefix for disabled jobs
if [[ "$line" =~ ^#[[:space:]]+(.*) ]]; then
line="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
is_comment=true
fi
[[ "$line" == *"|"* ]] || continue
# Extract and trim ID field
local id_field="${line%%|*}"
trim "$id_field"; id_field="$_trimmed"
# Strip :flags suffix
local id_bare="${id_field%%:*}"
# Only validate lines with a valid job ID (6-char hex or "new")
if $is_comment; then
[[ "$id_bare" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{6}$ ]] || continue
else
[[ "$id_bare" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{6}$ || "$id_bare" == "new" ]] || continue
fi
local sched="${line#*|}"
sched="${sched%%|*}"
trim "$sched"; sched="$_trimmed"
[[ -z "$sched" ]] && continue
[[ "$sched" == "service" ]] && continue
if ! (parseTime "$sched") &>/dev/null; then
echo "Bad schedule: \"$sched\"" >&2
errors=$((errors + 1))
fi
done < "$file"
return "$errors"
}
# Edit loop: open editor, validate, re-edit on errors (like crontab -e)
while true; do
if ! "${EDITOR:-vi}" "$temp_file"; then
echo "Editor exited with error, aborting."
return 1
fi
# Check for no changes
if diff -q "$orig_file" "$temp_file" &>/dev/null; then
echo "No changes."
return
fi
# Validate schedules before applying
if validateCrontabSchedules "$temp_file"; then
break
fi
echo "Errors in systab file, can't install." >&2
read -p "Do you want to retry the same edit? (y/n) " -n 1 -r </dev/tty
echo
if [[ ! $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
echo "Aborted."
return 1
fi
done
# Parse files into associative arrays: id -> "schedule\tcmd"
# "new" lines are collected separately since there can be multiple
# commented_ids tracks disabled (commented-out) job lines
declare -A orig_jobs edited_jobs orig_commented edited_commented
declare -a new_jobs=()
# Parse a crontab line into id, flags, sched, cmd (split on first two | delimiters)
# _parsed_id gets the bare ID, _parsed_flags gets any flags after ':'
parseCrontabLine() {
local line="$1"
_parsed_id="" _parsed_flags="" _parsed_sched="" _parsed_cmd=""
if [[ "$line" == *"|"* ]]; then
local id_field="${line%%|*}"
local rest="${line#*|}"
_parsed_sched="${rest%%|*}"
_parsed_cmd="${rest#*|}"
# Trim leading/trailing whitespace
trim "$id_field"; id_field="$_trimmed"
trim "$_parsed_sched"; _parsed_sched="$_trimmed"
trim "$_parsed_cmd"; _parsed_cmd="$_trimmed"
# Split id_field on ':' into ID and flags
if [[ "$id_field" == *:* ]]; then
_parsed_id="${id_field%%:*}"
_parsed_flags="${id_field#*:}"
else
_parsed_id="$id_field"
fi
fi
}
# Parse a file, populating jobs and commented arrays
# Values stored as "flags<TAB>schedule|cmd"
# Usage: parseCrontabFile <file> <jobs_var> <commented_var> [new_jobs_var]
parseCrontabFile() {
local file="$1" new_ref="${4-}"
local -n _pcf_jobs="$2" _pcf_commented="$3"
local line tab=$'\t'
while IFS= read -r line; do
[[ -z "$line" ]] && continue
# Check for commented job line: "# <id> <sched> <cmd>"
if [[ "$line" =~ ^#[[:space:]]+(.*) ]]; then
local uncommented="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
parseCrontabLine "$uncommented"
# Only treat as disabled job if ID looks like a hex short ID (with optional :flags)
if [[ -n "$_parsed_id" && -n "$_parsed_sched" && "$_parsed_id" =~ ^[0-9a-f]{6}$ ]]; then
_pcf_commented["$_parsed_id"]="${_parsed_flags}${tab}${_parsed_sched}|${_parsed_cmd}"
fi
continue
fi
parseCrontabLine "$line"
[[ -n "$_parsed_id" && -n "$_parsed_sched" ]] || continue
local val="${_parsed_flags}${tab}${_parsed_sched}|${_parsed_cmd}"
if [[ "$_parsed_id" == "new" && -n "$new_ref" ]]; then
eval "${new_ref}+=(\"$val\")"
else
_pcf_jobs["$_parsed_id"]="$val"
fi
done < "$file"
}
parseCrontabFile "$orig_file" orig_jobs orig_commented
parseCrontabFile "$temp_file" edited_jobs edited_commented new_jobs
# Collect all known IDs (from both active and commented in original)
declare -A all_orig_ids
for id in "${!orig_jobs[@]}"; do all_orig_ids["$id"]=1; done
for id in "${!orig_commented[@]}"; do all_orig_ids["$id"]=1; done
local created=0 deleted=0 updated=0 enabled=0 n_disabled=0 needs_reload=false
# Deletions: IDs in original (active or commented) but absent from edited entirely
for id in "${!all_orig_ids[@]}"; do
if [[ -z "${edited_jobs[$id]+x}" && -z "${edited_commented[$id]+x}" ]]; then
removeJob "${SCRIPT_NAME}_${id}"
echo "Deleted: $id"
deleted=$((deleted + 1))
needs_reload=true
fi
done
# Creations: "new" lines from edited file
for entry in "${new_jobs[@]}"; do
local new_flags new_rest sched cmd
new_flags="${entry%% *}"
new_rest="${entry#* }"
sched="${new_rest%%|*}"
cmd="${new_rest#*|}"
local result
result=$(createJobFromEdit "$sched" "$cmd" "$new_flags")
echo "Created: $result"
created=$((created + 1))
needs_reload=true
done
# Handle unknown IDs (in edited but not in original and not "new")
for id in "${!edited_jobs[@]}"; do
if [[ -z "${all_orig_ids[$id]+x}" ]]; then
warn "Ignoring unknown ID '$id' — use 'new' to create jobs"
fi
done
for id in "${!edited_commented[@]}"; do
if [[ -z "${all_orig_ids[$id]+x}" ]]; then
warn "Ignoring unknown commented ID '$id'"
fi
done
# Enable/disable transitions and updates
for id in "${!all_orig_ids[@]}"; do
local jname="${SCRIPT_NAME}_${id}"
local was_commented=false now_commented=false
[[ -n "${orig_commented[$id]+x}" ]] && was_commented=true
[[ -n "${edited_commented[$id]+x}" ]] && now_commented=true
# Skip if deleted
[[ -z "${edited_jobs[$id]+x}" && -z "${edited_commented[$id]+x}" ]] && continue
# Get old and new values (format: "flags\tsched|cmd")
local old_entry="" new_entry=""
if $was_commented; then
old_entry="${orig_commented[$id]}"
elif [[ -n "${orig_jobs[$id]+x}" ]]; then
old_entry="${orig_jobs[$id]}"
fi
if $now_commented; then
new_entry="${edited_commented[$id]}"
elif [[ -n "${edited_jobs[$id]+x}" ]]; then
new_entry="${edited_jobs[$id]}"
fi
# Split into flags and sched|cmd parts
local old_flags old_rest new_flags new_rest
old_flags="${old_entry%% *}"
old_rest="${old_entry#* }"
new_flags="${new_entry%% *}"
new_rest="${new_entry#* }"
# Handle enable/disable transitions
if ! $was_commented && $now_commented; then
disableJob "$jname"
echo "Disabled: $id"
n_disabled=$((n_disabled + 1))
needs_reload=true
elif $was_commented && ! $now_commented; then
enableJob "$jname"
echo "Enabled: $id"
enabled=$((enabled + 1))
needs_reload=true
fi
# Handle schedule/command/flags changes (whether active or commented)
if [[ "$old_entry" != "$new_entry" ]]; then
local old_sched new_sched old_cmd new_cmd
old_sched="${old_rest%%|*}"
new_sched="${new_rest%%|*}"
old_cmd="${old_rest#*|}"
new_cmd="${new_rest#*|}"
local timer_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${jname}.timer"
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${jname}.service"
if [[ "$old_sched" != "$new_sched" && -f "$timer_file" ]]; then
new_sched=$(parseTime "$new_sched")
sed -i "s|^OnCalendar=.*|OnCalendar=$new_sched|" "$timer_file"
# Update one-time vs recurring settings
if isRecurring "$new_sched"; then
sed -i '/^Persistent=false$/d; /^RemainAfterElapse=no$/d' "$timer_file"
else
if ! grep -q "^Persistent=false" "$timer_file"; then
sed -i "/^OnCalendar=/a Persistent=false\nRemainAfterElapse=no" "$timer_file"
fi
fi
fi
if [[ "$old_cmd" != "$new_cmd" && -f "$service_file" ]]; then
sed -i "s|^ExecStart=.*|ExecStart=${SHELL:-/bin/bash} -c '$new_cmd'|" "$service_file"
fi
# Handle flags changes
if [[ "$old_flags" != "$new_flags" && -f "$service_file" ]]; then
# Remove existing notification lines, flags comment, and name comment
sed -i '/^ExecStopPost=/d; /^# SYSTAB_FLAGS=/d; /^# SYSTAB_NAME=/d' "$service_file"
# Add new flags and notification lines
if [[ -n "$new_flags" ]]; then
echo "# SYSTAB_FLAGS=$new_flags" >> "$service_file"
parseFlags "$new_flags"
[[ -n "$_name" ]] && echo "# SYSTAB_NAME=$_name" >> "$service_file"
writeNotifyLines "$id" "$_notify_flag" "$_email_addr" "$service_file" "$_output_lines" "$jname"
fi
fi
# Only restart if the job is active (not being disabled)
if ! $now_commented; then
if isJobService "$jname"; then
systemctl --user restart "${jname}.service" 2>/dev/null || true
else
systemctl --user restart "${jname}.timer" 2>/dev/null || true
fi
fi
echo "Updated: $id"
updated=$((updated + 1))
needs_reload=true
fi
done
if $needs_reload; then
systemctl --user daemon-reload
fi
echo ""
echo "Summary: $created created, $updated updated, $deleted deleted, $enabled enabled, $n_disabled disabled"
}
# Build a job list from opt_jobid (single job) or getManagedUnits (all jobs)
# Usage: buildJobList <unit_type>
# Sets _job_list array; returns 1 if empty
buildJobList() {
_job_list=()
if [[ -n "$opt_jobid" ]]; then
resolveJobId "$opt_jobid"
_job_list+=("${SCRIPT_NAME}_${_resolved_id}")
else
local job
while IFS= read -r job; do
[[ -z "$job" ]] && continue
_job_list+=("$job")
done < <(getManagedUnits "$1")
fi
if [[ ${#_job_list[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "No managed jobs found."
return 1
fi
}
# Show status of all managed jobs (or a single job if opt_jobid is set)
showStatus() {
# Build combined list: timer jobs + service-only jobs
_job_list=()
if [[ -n "$opt_jobid" ]]; then
resolveJobId "$opt_jobid"
_job_list+=("${SCRIPT_NAME}_${_resolved_id}")
else
local job
while IFS= read -r job; do
[[ -z "$job" ]] && continue
_job_list+=("$job")
done < <(getManagedUnits timer; getManagedServiceJobs)
fi
if [[ ${#_job_list[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "No managed jobs found."
return
fi
local count=${#_job_list[@]}
echo "Managed Jobs Status - $count total"
echo "=========================================="
echo ""
for job in "${_job_list[@]}"; do
local timer_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.timer"
local service_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.service"
local id name label
id=$(jobId "$job")
name=$(getJobName "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.service")
label=$(formatJobId "$id" "$name")
echo "Job: $label"
if isJobService "$job"; then
# Service-only job display
echo " Type: Service"
if [[ -f "$service_file" ]]; then
local command
command=$(getJobCommand "$service_file")
echo " Command: $command"
fi
if ! isJobEnabled "$job"; then
echo " Service: Disabled"
else
local svc_active svc_sub
svc_active=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.service" -p ActiveState --value 2>/dev/null)
svc_sub=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.service" -p SubState --value 2>/dev/null)
echo " Service: ${svc_active} (${svc_sub})"
fi
else
# Timer-backed job display
if [[ -f "$timer_file" ]]; then
local schedule
schedule=$(grep "^OnCalendar=" "$timer_file" | cut -d= -f2-)
echo " Schedule: $schedule"
if grep -q "^Persistent=false" "$timer_file"; then
echo " Type: One-time"
else
echo " Type: Recurring"
fi
fi
if [[ -f "$service_file" ]]; then
local command
command=$(getJobCommand "$service_file")
echo " Command: $command"
fi
if ! isJobEnabled "$job"; then
echo " Timer: Disabled"
elif systemctl --user is-active "${job}.timer" &>/dev/null; then
echo " Timer: Active"
local next_run last_run
next_run=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.timer" -p NextElapseUSecRealtime --value 2>/dev/null)
last_run=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.timer" -p LastTriggerUSec --value 2>/dev/null)
[[ -n "$next_run" ]] && echo " Next run: $next_run"
[[ -n "$last_run" ]] && echo " Last run: $last_run"
else
echo " Timer: Inactive/Completed"
fi
if systemctl --user is-failed "${job}.service" &>/dev/null; then
echo " Service: Failed"
elif systemctl --user is-active "${job}.service" &>/dev/null; then
echo " Service: Running"
else
local exit_status
exit_status=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.service" -p ExecMainStatus --value 2>/dev/null)
if [[ -n "$exit_status" && "$exit_status" != "0" ]]; then
echo " Service: Completed with exit code $exit_status"
else
echo " Service: Completed"
fi
fi
fi
echo ""
done
# Show systemctl list-timers summary
echo "Active Timers:"
echo "--------------"
systemctl --user list-timers "systab_*" --no-pager 2>/dev/null || echo "none active"
}
# List logs (or logs for a single job if opt_jobid is set)
listLogs() {
buildJobList service || return
echo "Found ${#_job_list[@]} managed jobs"
echo ""
local grep_args=()
[[ -n "$opt_filter" ]] && grep_args=(--grep "$opt_filter")
for job in "${_job_list[@]}"; do
local id name label
id=$(jobId "$job")
name=$(getJobName "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.service")
label=$(formatJobId "$id" "$name")
echo "=== Logs for $label ==="
if isJobService "$job"; then
local svc_active svc_sub
svc_active=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.service" -p ActiveState --value 2>/dev/null)
svc_sub=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.service" -p SubState --value 2>/dev/null)
echo "Status: ${svc_active} (${svc_sub})"
systemctl --user status "${job}.service" --no-pager -l 2>/dev/null | head -n 3 || true
elif systemctl --user is-active "${job}.timer" &>/dev/null; then
echo "Status: Active"
systemctl --user status "${job}.timer" --no-pager -l | head -n 3
else
echo "Status: Inactive"
fi
echo ""
journalctl --user USER_UNIT="${job}.service" + SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER="$job" \
--no-pager "${grep_args[@]}" 2>/dev/null || echo "no logs yet"
echo ""
done
}
# Clean up completed jobs
cleanJobs() {
local job cleaned=0
while IFS= read -r job; do
[[ -z "$job" ]] && continue
local timer_file="$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.timer"
# Check if it's a one-time job (has Persistent=false)
if grep -q "^Persistent=false" "$timer_file" 2>/dev/null; then
# Check if timer is in "elapsed" state (completed one-time timer)
local timer_state
timer_state=$(systemctl --user show "${job}.timer" -p SubState --value 2>/dev/null)
# One-time timers that have fired will be in "elapsed" or "dead" state
if [[ "$timer_state" == "elapsed" || "$timer_state" == "dead" ]]; then
# Get the command for display
local command
command=$(getJobCommand "$SYSTEMD_USER_DIR/${job}.service" 2>/dev/null || echo "unknown")
read -p "Remove completed job '$job' (command: $command)? [y/N] " -n 1 -r </dev/tty
echo
if [[ $REPLY =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then
removeJob "$job"
echo "Removed: $job"
cleaned=$((cleaned + 1))
fi
fi
fi
done < <(getManagedUnits timer)
if [[ $cleaned -gt 0 ]]; then
systemctl --user daemon-reload
echo "Cleaned up $cleaned jobs."
else
echo "No completed one-time jobs to clean up."
fi
}
# Parse command-line options
parseOptions() {
while getopts "t:sc:f:n:im:oD:E:elLSCh" opt; do
case $opt in
t) opt_time="$OPTARG" ;;
s) opt_service=true ;;
c) opt_command="$OPTARG" ;;
f) opt_file="$OPTARG" ;;
n) opt_name="$OPTARG" ;;
i) opt_notify=true ;;
m) opt_email="$OPTARG" ;;
o) # Optional argument: peek at next arg for a number
if [[ $OPTIND -le $# ]]; then
local next="${!OPTIND}"
if [[ "$next" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
opt_output="$next"
OPTIND=$((OPTIND + 1))
else
opt_output=10
fi
else
opt_output=10
fi ;;
D) opt_disable="$OPTARG" ;;
E) opt_enable="$OPTARG" ;;
e) opt_edit=true ;;
l) opt_print_crontab=true ;;
L) opt_list=true ;;
S) opt_status=true ;;
C) opt_clean=true ;;
h) usage 0 ;;
*) usage 1 ;;
esac
done
# Check for trailing arguments after -S or -L
if ($opt_list || $opt_status) && [[ $OPTIND -le $# ]]; then
local trailing="${!OPTIND}"
# Try to resolve as job ID or name (run in subshell to catch error exit)
if (resolveJobId "$trailing") 2>/dev/null; then
opt_jobid="$trailing"
# For -L, check for a second trailing arg as text filter
if $opt_list; then
local next_idx=$((OPTIND + 1))
if [[ $next_idx -le $# ]]; then
opt_filter="${!next_idx}"
fi
fi
elif $opt_list; then
# Not a job ID or name — treat as text filter for backward compatibility
opt_filter="$trailing"
else
error "No job found with ID or name: $trailing"
fi
fi
# Validate name format
if [[ -n "$opt_name" ]]; then
if [[ "$opt_name" =~ [[:space:]|:] ]]; then
error "Job name must not contain whitespace, pipes, or colons"
fi
fi
# Validate mutually exclusive options
local manage_count=0
[[ -n "$opt_disable" ]] && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
[[ -n "$opt_enable" ]] && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
$opt_edit && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
$opt_print_crontab && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
$opt_list && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
$opt_status && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
$opt_clean && manage_count=$((manage_count + 1))
if [[ $manage_count -gt 1 ]]; then
error "Options -D, -E, -e, -l, -L, -S, and -C are mutually exclusive"
fi
if [[ $manage_count -gt 0 ]] && { [[ -n "$opt_time$opt_command$opt_file" ]] || $opt_service; }; then
error "Management options -D, -E, -e, -l, -L, -S, and -C cannot be used with job creation options"
fi
if [[ -n "$opt_command" && -n "$opt_file" ]]; then
error "Options -c and -f are mutually exclusive"
fi
# Validate create mode requirements
if [[ $manage_count -eq 0 ]]; then
if $opt_service; then
[[ -z "$opt_time" ]] || error "Options -s and -t are mutually exclusive"
$opt_notify && error "Option -i is not supported for service jobs"
[[ -z "$opt_email" ]] || error "Option -m is not supported for service jobs"
[[ -z "$opt_output" ]] || error "Option -o is not supported for service jobs"
else
[[ -n "$opt_time" ]] || error "Option -t or -s is required for job creation"
fi
fi
}
main() {
[[ $# -eq 0 ]] && usage 0
parseOptions "$@"
# Determine mode based on options
if [[ -n "$opt_disable" ]]; then
toggleJobById "$opt_disable" disable
elif [[ -n "$opt_enable" ]]; then
toggleJobById "$opt_enable" enable
elif $opt_edit; then
editJobs
elif $opt_print_crontab; then
listCrontab
elif $opt_list; then
listLogs
elif $opt_status; then
showStatus
elif $opt_clean; then
cleanJobs
else
createJob
fi
}
main "$@"